Heater or cooler for oil filters



. May 9, 1944. c. B. DUsHANE, JR

HEATER 0R COOLER FOR OIL FILTERS Filed Oct. 14, 1940 www@ Patented May 9, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFicE 2,348,241 HEATER on 'cooLEa Fon on. m'rnns Charles Benson Dushane, Jr., Chicago, lll.

Application october 14, 194e, serial No. 361,016

2 Claims.

This invention relates to an oil filter. More particularly, it relates to a filter for use in conjunction with an internal combustion engine or the-like, for clarifying and purifying oil employed in such engine as, for example, a lubrieating medium or a fuel.

Oil filters for clarifying and purifying the oil employed in the lubricating system of internal combustion engines are and have been in extensive use for a long time. They are constantly being improved, however, although in some instances these improvements intensify old diillculties or introduce new ones. For example, it has been found that in oil filters, particularly those in which a considerable body of oil is maintained at all times, some diiliculty is encountered in getting a satisfactory ow of the oil at low temperature, especially where the oil passes through the small interstices of a filtering material under a minimum of pressure. This is true whether the oil is a lubricant or a fuel.

Although, in the case of lubricating oils, improvements are constantly being made, a cheap lubricating oil, which will satisfactorily lubricate any internal combustion engine and will also flow under any temperature conditions ordinarily encountered where such engines are used, has not been produced to date. 'I'he difficulty of getting satisfactory now increases with the difference between the extremes of temperature encountered in the locality and also with the character of the engine to be lubricated. Thus, a heavier lubricating oil, which is -required for heavyor loosely operating motors, will not lflow as readily as the light oils at very low temperatures. From this it is apparent that the dimculty in getting satisfactory flow is encountered l largely under conditions where good lubricato is most necessary.

A good lubricating system should be arranged to provide a maximum supply of lubricant at all times, and therefore it is a decided disadvantage in an oil lter to have the oil reach a state where it will not ow satisfactorily. Furthermore, it is undesirable to have a body of oil inl a lubrication system reach too high a temperature because of the resulting loss of ylubricating qualities.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide an oil filter having-improved characteristics with respect to the extent to which ow of oil therethrough is impeded under any conditions of operation, including even the most adverse.

Another object is to provide an oil illter in which means are providedfor decreasing the tendency of the oil to be impeded in its flow therethrough.

A further object is to providean oil lter comprising means for controlling the temperature of the oil in the filter.

A more specic object is to provide means for heating the oil in an oil filter whereby it may be brought to a temperature where it will flow,

although atmospheric temperature is well belowA the pour point of the oil.

A still further object is to provide an improved oil lter in which oil is ltered through small interstices of a filtering medium under a low pressure, and in which means are provided for promoting the now of the oil through the lter.

Still another object is to provide an oil filter in which the means for promoting ow are particularly adapted to increase the owability of the oil when atmospheric temperature drops below the pour point of the oil.

An additional object is to provide means for heating the oil in an oil lter with the hot water from the cooling system of an internal combustion engine in connection with which the oil fllter is used.

Another object is to combine an oil filter with an internal combustion engineso that they cooperate in anew way to provide better lubrication of the engine. g

Still another object is to provide such means for heating an oil filter in' which a body of oil is maintained at a1 substantially static level and in which the oil ows, for example, in a generally horizontal direction through a bed of re1- atively looseY lteringmaterial, or upwardly through a matted filtering material.

Numerous .other objects will appear hereinafter, some of "which will become more apparent from a consideration of the accompanying drawing, in which Figure l is a side elevation of some of the more important parts of an internal combustion engine together with a filter madein accordance with the present invention;

Figure 2 is a view in perspective of a lter made in accordance with the present invention;

cylinder block and head III is shown, having associated with it a radiator I 2. A hose Il conf ducts hot water from the cooling system to the radiator, from which it returns again to the cooling system in the cylinder Il through a hose I6. The oil filter Il is shown located adjacent the upper portion of the cylinder for convenience, and it will be understood that it may be located in any other desired place, although it will be apparent that it is preferable to position it near the warmer parts of the engine in order to further improve the iiow of oil therethrough.

As can best be seen by reference to Figures 2 and 3, the filter Il is provided with an outer casing which is generally cylindrical vin shape and includes a lower portion 20, a Jacket portion 22, and a cap 24. Centrally located in the bottom wall 2B of the casing portion 2li is a plug 2l through which sediment collecting in the bottom. portion of the iilter may be drawn oi'i. Portion 20 terminates at its upper edge in an annular iiange 34 upon which the Jacket member 22 rests. A plurality of machine screws 32 mounted in the Jacket 22 pass through apertures inthe oil resistant synthetic rubber-like material such as neoprene or butadiene polymer, or other equivalent material, serves to tightly seal the joint. The cover portion 24 is in turn secured on top of the jacket portion 22 by machine screws mounted on the upper side of the vjacket 22 andpasslng through suitable apertures in the annular flange 42 on the cover 24. Wingnuts 44 threaded onto machine screws 40 serve to held the cover 24 in place and to, at the same time, permit its ready removal. lA gasket, similar to gasket II,- is also positioned between the jacket 22 and the cover 24.

A little to one side of the center the cover 24 i:` provided with a circular, thickened portion 48 having a central opening Il passing vertically therethrough. This opening I0 is threaded at its upper end to receive an inlet pipe i2, the other end of which is connected to a source of oil to be filtered (not-shown). In the center4 of the cover 24 another circular, thickened portion 54 is provided which also has a central opening 5B therethrough. An outlet pipe lil communicating with the place .to which the filtered oil is to be supplied (not shown) is threaded in the upper end of opening I4,

Interiorly of the casing the lter is provided with filtering or clarifying means, such as a body of filtering material, or a filtercartridge containing the actual iilter bed which preferably is so constructed and arranged vas to permit ready removal and replacement vat any time when the` clarifying power of the illter becomes weakened or exhausted. Such. a cartridge comprises a metal can l. having a ycylindrical wall 62 and a topl wall I4 which is punchedat its on either side of the top I4 of the can for rigidly clamping theA said top therebetween. Large washers 'I2 serve to distribute lthe. force .and render the support extremely rigid.

The extreme upper portion of the threaded end $8 of the tube 66, extending above the nut and washer assembly 'I0 and 12, is received in the enlarged and threaded lower portion 14 of the opening 58 through the circular, thickened portion 54 in the center of cover 24. The upper edge of the side 62 of can ill is provided with a bead 14 which secures the c'over i4 in place with respect to the side $2 and which is adapted to be drawn up against four shoulders 'I8 equally spaced around the perimeter of the generally `dome-shaped portion of the cover 24.

This construction, as canbe seen, makes it possible to have the can 60 rigidly held within the filter I8, by reason of the fact that the bead 'I6 is drawn up against the shoulder 1l, and at the same time to have an arrangement where the iilter cartridge can be readily removed with the cover sim'ply by removing the wing-nuts 44 and lifting the cover and can assembly out. TheV cartridge can then be readily disassembled from the cover 24 simply by rotating the cartridge to unscrew the upper end 6l of the tube 68 from the cover 24. y

The wall of the tube 8B is, throughout the lower portion of its length, as viewed in Figure 3, provided with a plurality of apertures l0, and the lower end thereof is preferably sealed oil by a plug I2 of any suitable material, such as Y metal or wood, for example. The portion of the tube Si extending into the interior of the can il is completely surrounded by a sleeve 84 of screening material which includes a circular bottom portion extending beneath the lower end of the tube 8l. In the preferred embodiment a 10D-mesh copper or bronze screen is employed, although it will be apparent that substantially any non-reactive screening material may be used, whilethe size of the apertures may vary within wide ranges. According to one method of mounting the sleeve I4 in position it is soldered to tube 64.

Exteriorly of the sleeve 84 is a second sleeve 88 similar'in form to the sleeve I4 and surrounding it and formed of a suitable textile material. Each of the sleeves I4 and 8l has slightly larger dimensions than the tube or sleeve contained within it so that small space is left between the various parts. In turn, surrounding the sleeve I8 is a third sleeve 88 formed from a mat of brous material, preferably Jute. Preferably, this mat is vin the neighborhood of a quarter of an inch thick. The jute sleeve ll and the textile sleeve 8l are both secured in place by a loop of cord 9| tensioned about their open ends.

'I'he sleeves 86 and 88 prevent the material of the nlter bed from passing into the tube with the oil and produce a final separation of the Y the hardness and cleanness of the bers.

oil which is being ltered from impurities or material of the illter bed. Various textile `fabrics have been used to formV the screen 8l but immensely superior results have been secured with hardcotton fabrics. such as, cretonne. It is believed that these superior results are due to Thus, for example, various 'other bers are characterl ized by a relatively soft surface having a multitude of iine hairs which it is believed tend to cause a clogging action. In employing cretonne in the present structure, however, the oil readily passes Vthrough the material, while there is no tendency for the material. from the iilter bed to accumulate and pack against the surface of the fabric. In the present structure the lter bed is maintained loose adjacent the textile sleeve 99 with the result that the oil is free also to run downwardly along the inner and outer surfaces thereof to produce a washing action and keep the surfaces clear. The sleeve 96 is preferably formed from jute, such as is commonly employed for sealing sewer pipe joints, although other materials have been used. Jute is preferred since it has been found to be superior to other materials tested in the completeness of the separation which it produces.

The cylindrical wall 62 of the cartridge 69 is provided with a multitude of small apertures 92. These apertures are spaced from the bottom and top of the -cartridge 69 a relatively great distance to prevent the formation of channels adjacent these portions of the device.

Interiorly of the cartridge 69 a body of pulverule'ntV ltering material94 is provided. 'I'his entire bed of material 94 is made up of f discrete individual particles of a suitable adsorbent material which will remove the impurities and properly clarify the oil handled by the filter. It is preferred that the filter bed 94 comprise mainly an adsorbent earth, such as fullers earth, including particles which will pass a 30- mesh screen and are retained by a 60-mesh screen. The particle sizes may vary over a greater range than that speciiied, if desired, but too small particles tend to iiow with the oil being ltered, andvtoo large particles tend to decrease the eiectiveness of the lter.

In addition to the adsorbent earth, a proportion of some suitable water-absorbing or adsorbing particulate material .is also included in the bed 94. This material is provided to remove aqueous components, together with acids or other reagents, which are generally associated with or soluble in water. Suitable materials for this purpose include silica gel and granular, activated alumina. With respect to this material, the size of the particles may vary within a somewhat wider range, the preferred range being that the alumina particles be retained upon a fio-mesh screen and pass a 20-mesh screen. Although the water absorbent or adsorbent material comprises only a small proportion of the whole bed 94, the relative amounts of earth and water removing material may vary somewhat. Very satisfactory results have been obtained with an intimate mixture of 30 parts of the above described fullers earth and 3 parts of the activated alumina.

In order to completely and uniformly distribute the incoming oil to the filter bed, as well as remove the coarser particles. there is provided a fibrous layer 96 extending adjacent the side wall 62 and interiorly of the cartridge 69. 'I'he layer 96 may comprise, for example, a highgrade cotton waste free from balls of matted material or lint, and particularly from imperfections such as rags and foreign materials, as may'be found ofl a matted wood material sold under the trade-name Fir-Tex. In other words, this layer should consist of fibers as pure and .uncontaminated as possible and must be firmly pressed in place in order to provide a uniform, oil-distributing layer. The layer 96 likewise preferably extends across the bottom of the mass of iiltering material 94 for reasons which will appear hereinafter.

In loading the cartridge 69 it is inverted from theposition shown in Figure 3 after the central ltube 66 together with the screen 94 and the textile sleeve 96 have been completely assembled and 76 a removable tube (not shown) having a diameter substantially equal to that indicated by the line of demarcation between the body of particulate material 94 and the layer of waste 96 is insertedinto the cartridge 69. I'he waste is then pushed in 'around the removable tube and packed uniformly thereabout. 'I'he removable tube is thereupon lifted out and the thoroughly mixed and graded particles forming the filter bed 94 are inserted and unifomly packed to assure a homogeneous. distribution of particles. When the body of material 94 is completely loaded the portion of the layer of fibrous material 96 extending across the bottom of the mass of filtering material 94 may-be placed in position. The entire unit 69 is maintained in assembled relationship by the metal cover 99 which has an annular, upwardly projecting ange |99 which tightly` engages about the lower edge of the wall 62 andrests against an annular projection |92 spaced inwardly from the lower edge of the wall 62. In a preferred modication of the invention the layer of brous material 96 is about half an inch thick.

As pointed out in the copending application of Obe Wilton Carman and Donald Wilmer Hayden, Serial No. 164,515, filed September 18, 1937, in which the illter cartridge is broadly described, it is desirable to pack the layers 94 and 96 tightly at the time the cartridge 69 is made, with a view to avoiding any tendency they may have to change shape in use due to jarring. In this packing, however, it is necessary to avoid anything -which would tend to destroy the particulate and relatively loose character vof the material, as pointed out in the copending application.

As pointed out above, when the device is in use the filter i9 contains a considerable bodyof oil. In cold weather, particularly where the engine has been standing idle for some time and/or where a very heavy oil is used, this oil becomes quite cold and frequently its temperature decreases below the pour point of the oil or to a point where the oil becomes so stiff that it will not flow through the lter. Of course, particularly where the lter is located adjacent a warm portion of the engine, it may eventually be heated up somewhat by radiation from the engine, but it has been found that this means cannot be relied upon if satisfactory lubrication is to beobtained. Accordingly, the `jacket member 22 is provided. 'I'his jacket member takes the form of a ring provided with a circular conduit |94. .This conduit |94 communicates preferably in diametrically opposite points with an inlet pipe |96 and an outlet pipe |99, which pipes are respec tively threaded into enlarged portions ||9 and ||2 formed on the sides of the jacket 22.

As can be seen by reference to Figure 1, the

inlet pipe |96 communicates with the hose connection |4 adjacent the outlet from the cylinder |9 where the cooling medium, usually water, is warmest. It will be understood that this connection may be made at other points in the cooling system where warm water can be drawn oil; preferably it is made between the cylinder outlet and the thermostat, if one is employed. 'I'he outlet pipe communicates with the return I6 from the radiator I2 so that the water or other medium, after passing through the jacket 22, returns again to the cooling system in the cylinder block I9. Means are thus provided for very through the iilter.

advantage.

As is well known, the water in the cooling system of an internal combustion engine heats up very rapidly when the engine is in operation, and the lag between the time of, starting the motor and the time when the water flowing through the conduit IM will be sumciently warmto vcause the oil'to ilow under any conditions normally encountered where internal combustion engines are used is so short that the delayis not great enough vto cause any appreciable diillculty due to insullicient lubrication during t`his period. n the other hand, it is much more rapid than any method heretofore known and in operation is highly'satisfactory. It has utility vnot only under conditions where the oil will not ow at all but also under conditions where its rate of flow is decreased due to viscosity increases resulting from lower temperature.

Where the oil filter I8 is provided with a jacket 22, even in very cold weather, the oil is quickly brought up to temperature so that the incoming oil entering through pipe 52 may pass thence downwardly around the cartridge 60 into the body of oil surrounding the cartridge and lling the lower portion 20 of the filter. In this connection, it will be noted that the cartridge is spaced a relatively great distance from the bottom wall 26 of the casing in order to provide a space for the accumulation of settlings which may be removed through the plug 28. From this body of oil surrounding the cartridge 80 a portion passes into the cartridge through the openings 92:

As pointed out in the copending application referred to above, the filtering action is completely uniform and the cartridge is supplied by oil at an equal pressure in all directions, free from currents due to the feed conduit. 'I'he oil passing through the apertures 92 then moves in a generally horizontal direction through the waste 9B and the bed 9,4, from which it passes through the liber sleeve 86, the textile sleeve 88, and the screen-84, and enters the tube 6 6 through the apertures 80. From this tube it passes outwardly through pipe 5,8.- Y

It will be .apparent that the heating .of the cil through the agency of a'vhot cooling medium since the rate of passage with; a given pressureV drop increases with decrease in viscosity.

Although the above description is specifically concerned with the application ofthe invention to the heating of a filter for oil in an internal combustion engine in which filter a particular liltering cartridgefis employed. the invention is not so limited. Thus, the jacket heating means or other source of heat may be applied to oil nlters generally, including other types of filtering means, such as a cake of wood fiber made from the wood of fir trees and sold under the trade name Flr- Tex." Moreover, the filter need not be adapted only for use in the lubrication system of internal combustion engines. It may, on the contrary, be applied to the filtering of oil generally, another use being, for example. the filtering of fuel oil supplied to a Diesel engine. A special advantage exists in such a use since it is desirable to heat such oil for the general purpose of raising its temperature without Vregard to the resulting decrease in viscosity. Although special advantages flow, as pointed out above, from the use of the liquid cooling medium from the cooling system of an internal combustion engine as the medium circulated in the Jacket 22, other sources of liquid heating medium may be employed. Also, the jacket member may, under certain circumstances, be employed to cool the oil in the filter particularly where the oil temperature for any reason reaches an excessively high point. The desirability of high oil temperature as a means for decreasingviscoslty has been stressed herein but it is recognized that there is an upper limit of temperature above which it is undesirable to maintain the oil for any substantial period of time for the reason that such temperatures tend to destroy the lubricating properties of the oil.

Thus, experience indicates that the optimum temperature range for the filtration of oil is from about 160 F. to about 200 F., although higher and lower temperatures may be used. The fact that the preferred range lies below the boiling point of water indicates the advantage of the use of this medium as the medium for cirof the motor block circulating in the jacket member 22 is extremely simple Yand eiective. Heat from the motor which would otherwise be-wasted through dissipation in the radiatoris utilized to operation, including' parts which should have a long life. Moreover, the jacket member 2 2 can be attached to an oil filter with a minimum of change in structure of the oil filter.

The utility of the jacket has beenparticu-.- lariy stressed `with respect to very low temperatures. Its utility is not so limited, however. To

the contrary, since viscosityof oil generally decreases with increase in temperature, and since viscousv oil will haveV much more tendency to retain in it the material to be iiltered out than will a less viscous oil.' Also, since it is an important feature of the filter cartridge described that the oil pass through the filter with a minimum of.

The heating means is simple in its pressure drop, low viscosity is highly desirable 7'5 culation in jacket member 2?. Furthermore, the

fact that the normal temperature maintained in the cooling medium of an internal combustion engine in operation falls within the range described makes the combination of the novel filter with an internal combustion engine as described hereinafteranideal one. v l

The above uses iiow from the fact that in the novel filter described herein a liquid medium is circulated in a jacket, in heat exchange relation with the oil in an oil iilter. Whether or not the oil is heated or cooled will, of course, depend upon the relative temperatures of the oil and the circulating medium. Thus the jacket serves broadly as a temperature control means for the oil in the filter. Other uses of the novel lter will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Little or nothing has been said regarding the method of supporting the filter i8 since it can be supported in4 any desired manner. One such means includes a bracket attached to the casing, and another involves the use of a strap passing around the wall 20 and suitably supported on the motor block or on vsome other part of the engine mounting where the filter is used in connection with an internal combustion engine. There is, of course, an advantage in supporting the rllter through the casing portion 20 since the assembly then becomes permanent in nature, because in renewing the filter it is only necessary to lift of! liquid is adapted to ilow into said clarier, and

the top 24 and the iilter cartridge which is attached thereto comes on with it.

In addition to what has been set forth above, it' may be pointed out, in regard to materials of construction, that the lower portion of the casing 20, the can B2, the lid 98, and thetop 64 of the can may be conveniently" formed from sheet-metal pressed into shape where necessary and apertured as described. It has been found, on the other hand, that the jacket portion 22 and the cap 2l can be conveniently formed by Vcasting from aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or from iron or other metallic materials which lend themselves readily to casting. The invention is not limited to any particular materials of construction, however.

'I'he use of the liquid cooling medium from the motor as a source of heat for the illter is particularly advantageous by reason of the fact that any danger of overheating the oil is thereby avoided. The maximum temperature to which the cooling medium ordinarily employed in an internal combustlon engine can rise is well below the upper limit of temperature to which the oil can be safely heated. n the other hand, if, for example, heat from the exhaust were to be employed, there would always be the danger that the temperature of the oil in the lter might be increased above a safe limit. In addition, such excessive heating of the oil would tend to destroy its lubricating quality at too rapid a rate.

By reason of thepeculiar adaptability of the cooling medium in an internal combustion engine as a source of heat for the oil filter, the lter and the motor cooperate in a manner not heretofore known. Thus, the illter supplies clean lubricating oil to the motor and the motor in turn supplies heating medium to the illter. Furthermore, the illter supplements the action of the radiator in extrac g heat from the liquid cooling medium. The nett from the motor. which is normally wasted by dissipation into the air, is caused by reason of the cooperation between the filter and the engine body to improve the lubrication of the moving parts in the motor and to malte possible the use of a more etllcient filter for this purpose.

It will be apparent that many widely different embodiments of this invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and therefore it is not intended to be limited except as indicated in the appended claims.

'l'he invention is hereby claimed as follows:

1. In a device of the class described, in combination with a relatively deep sheet metal shell having a flange at its upper end, a ring-like water jacket adapted to rest upon said flange, a head adapted to rest upon the upper portion of said water jacket, means for maintaining said water jacket and said head in assembled relation, said head having a concentrically disposed open,- ing, means associated therewith for mounting a clarier centrally of and within said shell, said clarifier depending into said shell but terminating substantially shortof the bottom of said shell to provide a sludge chamber, means formed in the upper portion of said head for introducing unclaried lubricant into said head, said clarifier having openings through which said unclariiled said clarier having a concentrically disposed discharge outlet connected with said ilrst mentioned centrally disposed opening for the discharge of the claried lubricant. and said water jacket having entrance and exit means for flowing heated fluid therethrough from the water jacket of an internal combustion engine whereby to maintain a uniform heating effect upon the lubricant as it passes through the clarier.

2. In a lubricant filter adapted to be connected to the lubricating system of an internal combustion engine having a water cooling system, said filter including a relatively deep enclosing shell, a water jacket connected with the upper portion of said shell. said water jacket having a water inlet and water outlet adapted to be connected with the cooling system of the engine, a shell closure connecting with the upper portion of said jacket, fastening means for maintaining said shell Jacket and shell closure in assembled relation, said.shell closure having an oil inlet for connection to said lubricating system and a centrally disposed oil outlet for connection to said lubricating system, afilter cartridge including an enclosing cartridge casing disposed within said shell, said casing having an imperforate bottom, andhaving vertical side walls, the intermediate portions of which side walls are perforate, a cartridge closure for the top of said cartridge casing.

the underside of said shell closure having means forming a seat for said cartridge closure and having oil passages connecting the space between said closures with the space between the vertical wall of said shell and cartridge casing, means forming a centrally disposed conduit extending into said cartridge, that portion of the conduit within thecartridge having a vertical 'series of perforations, the upper portion of said conduit having means forming fluid-tight connection with the centrally disposed oil outlet of said closure, there being means for clamping said cartridge and its closure against the underside of said shell closure whereby to hold the cartridge centrally of said shell with the vertical walls of. `said cartridge spaced from the vertical walls of said casing, and with the closure of said cartridge spaced from the closure of said casing, the bottom of said cartridge being spaced sumciently from the bottom wall of said casing to provide an oil sump, filtering means disposed within said cartridge between said conduit and the perforated walls of said cartridge casing, means for introdu unclarined oil into and through the top of said ell head whereby said oil news to the space between said closures and thence to the space between the inner wall of said hot water Jacket and the outer wall cf said cartridge casing and thence through the perforations of the vertical wall of said cartridge casing, through the filter- 

